Epitope-Containing Short Peptides Capture Distinct IgG Serodynamics That Enable Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals for Live-Attenuated Vaccines

Development of a skin test for bovine tuberculosis for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals.

The tuberculin skin test has been used for the diagnosis of bovine and human tuberculosis (TB) for over a hundred years. However, the specificity of the test is compromised by vaccination with the Mycobacterium bovis-derived vaccine strain bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Since current promising vaccines against bovine TB are based on heterologous prime-boost combinations that include BCG, there ...

Applying conserved peptides of NS1 Protein of avian influenza virus to differentiate infected from vaccinated chickens

Avian influenza (AI) is a highly contagious disease in poultry and outbreaks can have dramatic economic and health implications. For effective disease surveillance, rapid and sensitive assays are needed to detect antibodies against AI virus (AIV) proteins. In order to support eradication efforts of avian influenza (AI) infections in poultry, the implementation of “DIVA” vaccination strategies, ...

Evaluation of Live Attenuated Measles Vaccines Prepared in Human Diploid Cells for Reimmunization

Experimental dengue virus challenge of human subjects previously vaccinated with live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccines.

BACKGROUND Protection against dengue requires immunity against all 4 serotypes of dengue virus (DENV). Experimental challenge may be useful in evaluating vaccine-induced immunity. METHODS Ten subjects previously vaccinated with a live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine (TDV) and 4 DENV-naive control subjects were challenged by subcutaneous inoculation of either 10(3) plaque-forming units (...

Superior Protection from Live-Attenuated Vaccines Directed against Johne's Disease.

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) is the etiological agent of Johne's disease in ruminants. Johne's disease is an important enteric infection causing large economic losses associated with infected herds. In an attempt to fight this infection, we created two novel live-attenuated vaccine candidates with mutations in sigH and lipN (pgsH and pgsN, respectively). Ear...